A study of process-induced grain structures during steady state and non-steady state electron-beam welding of a titanium alloy

A detailed microstructural characterisation of the emerging weld-line grain structure, for bead-upon-plate welds in Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) differing plate thickness, was performed. The microstructure studied formed during both steady state and non-steady sections within weld path, with portion being taken from end as bead heat source overhang edge plate. This allows effects welding process conditions on evolution to be determined. pool geometry 3D tomography weld-induced defects have been investigated. Detailed texture different parameters states used identify physical predictions that are difficult obtain otherwise. significantly affect crown shape formation, toe, depth width. However, affected zone (HAZ) remains unchanged. Regarding evolution, similar texture. No were observed section welds, but sub-surface spherical pores a weld. Finite element modelling simulate thermal-metallurgical-mechanical fields considered, cooling rates predicted interrogated improve theoretical understanding defect formation differences these Ti64 EB regions.